2nd year MBBS: General Pathology IMP QUESTIONS

1.CELL INJURY AND CELLULAR ADAPTATIONS

Questions:
Long Essays:
1. Define Necrosis. Explain the causes and pathology of each types of necrosis with examples. [1+8=9] [RS Mar 03, P1]
2. Define Necrosis. Mention The types, explain the causes and pathology of each type of necrosis. [1+3+6=10] [OS Apr 01]Short Essays:
1. Role of Free radicals in cell injury. [RS Oct 03, P1]
2. What is the role of free radicals in cell injury? [RS Nov 00, P1]
3. Hyaline degeneration. [RS Dec 04, P1]
4. Morphological Features of fatty change in liver and heart. [RS Mar 06, P1]
5. Colliquative necrosis. [RS May 00, P1]
6. Dry gangrene. [RS Mar 04, P1]
7. Differences between dry and wet gangrene. [RS Nov 00, P1] , [OS Sept 02]
8. Dystrophic calcification. [RS May 00, P1]
9. Write briefly about metastatic calcification. [RS Nov 00, P1]
10. Differences between Atrophy/Hypertrophy/Hyperplasia. [RS Nov 00, P1]
11. Metaplasia. [OS Apr 01]
12. Dysplasia. [RS Mar 04, P1]

Short Answers:
1. Mention 2 adhesion molecules of endothelium and its ligands on WBC.
[RS Mar 04, P1]
2. Perfusion Injury in ischemia. [RS Mar 06, P1]
3. Types of Hyaline change with examples. [RS OCT 03, P1] , [RS Sept 02,P1]
4. Causes of fatty liver. [RS Mar 04, P1]
5. List exogenous and endogenous pigments. [RS Mar 06, P1]
6. Caseous necrosis. [RS Mar 05, P1]
7. Morphological features of apoptosis. [RS Mar 06, P1]
8. Morphology of apoptotic cell. [RS Mar 05, P1]
9. Causes of metastatic calcification. [RS Mar 05, P1]

2.IMMUNOPATOLOGY INCLUDING AMYLOIDOSIS

Questions:
Short Essays:
1. Pathogenesis of acquired-Immuno deficiency syndrome[AIDS].
[RS Sept 02, P1]
2. Type I hypersensitivity reaction. [RS Mar 05, P1]
3. Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. [RS Dec 04, P1]
4. Etiology and pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. [RS Mar 06, P1]
5. Scleroderma. [RS May 00, P1]
6. Graft versus host reaction. [RS May 00, P1]
7. Physical and chemical nature of amyloid and the special stains for amyloid.
[RS Nov 00, P1]
8. Special stains to confirm amyloid. [RS Mar 05, P1]
9. Sago spleen. [RS Dec 04, P1]
SA:
1. Enumerate the opportunistic infections in AIDS. [RS Mar 05, P1]
2. List the opportunistic infections associated with AIDS. [RS Mar 03, P1]
3. Name the fungal infections in AIDS. [OS Sept 02]
4. 4 common neoplasms found in patients with HIV infection. [RS Mar 06, P1]
5. What is L.E cell? Describe it. [OS Apr 02]
6. Antibodies in SLE. [RS Dec 04, P1]
7. Amyloidosis of aging. [OS May 00]
8. Precursors proteins of amyloid. [RS Dec 04, P1]
9. Special stains for amyloid and the result. [RS Sept 02, P1]
10. Special stains for amyloid and its results. [RS Oct 03, P1]
11. Sago spleen. [RS Mar 03, P1]
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Syllabus:
Clinical Haematology:
[2] Theoretical aspects of: d) L.E. cell.
Questions:
SA:
1. What is L.E cell? Describe it. [OS Apr 02]

3.HAEMODYNAMIC DISORDERS

Questions:
Long Essays:
1. 10 years old boy has anasarca and protienuria. Discuss the pathogenesis of this condition. [RS Dec 04, P1]
2. Define and classify thrombosis. Explain the aetio pathogenesis of thrombosis. Add a note on the fate of thrombus. [1+3+4+2] [OS Sept 02]
3. Define and classify thrombosis. Explain the etio pathogenesis of thrombosis. Add a note on fate of a thrombus. [1+6+2] [RS Oct 03, P1]
4. Define embolism. Mention different types of emboli and describe fat embolism. [RS Mar 06, P1]
5. 20 years old male suffered fracture femur in road traffic accident and was treated. 2 weeks later he suddenly collapsed and died. What is the diagnosis? What are the Postmortem findings relevant to the diagnosis? [1+8]
[RS Mar 04, P1]
Short Essays:
1. Pathogenesis of renal edema. [RS Mar 05, P1], [RS Mar 04, P1],
[RS Mar 03, P1]
2. Pathogenesis of cardiac edema. [RS Oct 03, P1]
3. Chronic venous congestion [CVC] lung. [RS Mar 03, P1]
4. Write briefly about heart failure cells. [RS Nov 00, P1]
5. Heart failure cells. [RS May 00, P1]
6. Pathogenesis of septic shock. [RS Dec 04, P1]
7. Reversible shock. [RS Mar 04, P1]
8. Fat embolism. [RS Sept 02, P1]
9. Amniotic fluid embolism. [OS May 00]
SA:
1. What are the differences between exudates and transudate? [OS Apr, 02]
2. Microscopy of CVC Liver. [RS Mar 06, P1]
3. Gamna Gandy Body. [RS Sept 02, P1]
4. Definition and causes of SHOCK. [RS Sept 02, P1]
5. List 3 major types of shock with suitable examples. [RS Mar 06, P1]
6. Mention 4 antithrombotic properties of endothelium. [RS Mar 05, P1]
7. Four causes of hypercoagulable state. [RS Dec 04, P1]
8. Fate of thrombus. [RS Mar 04, P1]
9. Fate of a thrombus. [OS Apr 01]

4.INFLAMMATION AND HEALING

Questions:
Long Essays:
1. Discuss the vascular phenomenon of inflammation. [RS Mar 05, P1]
2. What do you understand by the terms “Healing”,” Regeneration” and “Repair”? Describe the steps in healing by first intention. [RS Nov 00, P1]
3. What do you understand by the terms “healing”,” regeneration” and “repair”?Describe the steps in healing by second intention. What are the likely complications of healing? [OS Apr 02]Short Essays:
1. Cardinal signs of inflammation. [RS May 00, P1]
2. Mechanisms Of increased vascular permeability in inflammation.
[OS May 00]
3. Chemotaxis. [RS Mar 04, P1]
4. Phagocytosis. [RS Mar 06, P1], [RS Dec 04, P1], [RS Sept 02, P1]
5. Sequence of events in Phagocytosis. [OS Apr 01]
6. List the chemical mediators of acute inflammation. [RS Mar 06, P1]
7. Write about the role of macrophages in inflammation. [OS Apr 02]
8. Giant cells. [OS Apr 01]
9. Morphologic types of acute inflammation with examples. [OS Sept 02]
10. Primary Complex. [RS Mar 05, P1], [RS Sept 02, P1]
11. What is a Primary Complex? [RS Nov 00, P1]
12. Morphological features of lepromatous leprosy. [RS Mar 06, P1]
13. Morphology of lepromatous leprosy. [RS Dec 04, P1]
14. Morphology of tuberculoid leprosy. [RS Mar 05, P1]
15. Granulation tissue. [RS Mar 05, P1]
16. Mechanism of wound healing by first intention. [RS Mar 03, P1]
17. Healing of wound by secondary intention. [RS May 00, P1]
18. Complications of wound healing. [RS Mar 04, P1]
19. Factors influencing wound healing. [RS Oct 03, P1]Short Answers:
1. Name the cardinal signs of inflammation. What are they due to?
[RS Nov 00, P1]
2. Cardinal signs of acute inflammation. [RS Mar 06, P1]
3. Three major components of acute inflammation. [RS Oct 03, P1]
4. Heterophagy. [OS May 00]
5. Name three steps in Phagocytosis. [RS Mar 04, P1], [RS Oct 03, P1]
6. Opsonin. [RS Dec 04, P1]
7. Role of opsonins in inflammation. [RS Mar 03, P1]
8. Thromboxane A2. [RS Mar 03, P1]
9. Name the various types of giant cells. [OS Apr 02]
10. Define the following terms: Ulcer, Sinus, Fistula, Boil. [RS Nov 00, P1]
11. Definition of abscess and pus. [RS Oct 03, P1]
12. Microscopic appearance of granuloma. [RS Dec 04, P1]
13. Epitheloid cell. [RS Oct 03, P1]
14. Chemicals of tuberculous bacilli responsible for producing granuloma.
[RS Mar 04, P1]
15. Mantoux test. [RS Dec 04, P1]
16. Mitsuda reaction. [RS Mar 04, P1]
17. Oral lesions in congenital syphilis. [RS Mar 05, P1]
18. Types of actinomycosis. [OS Sept 02]
19. Sarcoid granuloma. [RS Mar 03, P1]
20. Granulation tissue. [RS Mar 06, P1]
21. Differences between acute and chronic inflammation. [RS Mar 03, P1]
22. Complications of wound healing. [RS Dec 04, P1]
23. List the factors promoting wound healing. [RS Sept 02, P1]
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Syllabus:
XII. Respiratory Pathology:
[6] Pulmonary tuberculosis:
a) Primary tuberculosis
b) Secondary tuberculosis
Questions:
Short Essays:
1. Fibrocaseous tuberculosis-lung. [RS Mar 06, P2]
Short Answers:
1. Enumerate the pulmonary lesions seen in reactivation tuberculosis.
[RS Oct 03, P2], [RS Nov 00, P2]
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Syllabus:
XVI. Lymphoreticular System & Spleen:
[1] Lymphadenitis-b) granulomatous
Questions:
Short Answers:
1. Microscopy of tuberculous lymphadenitis. [RS Sept 02, P2]
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Syllabus:
XIX. Diseases of Musculoskeletal System:
1. Complications of fracture healing of bone. [RS Mar 04, P2]XXII. Dermatopathology:
[1] b) Leprosy
c) Venereal lesions- Syphilis.

 

5.INFECTIOUS & PARASITIC DISEASES

Questions:
Short Essays:
1. Mycetoma foot. [RS Mar 04, P1]
2. Cysticercosis. [RS May 03, P1]
Short Answers:
1. Name sexually transmitted diseases. [RS Mar 03, P1]
2. Morphology of cryptococcus. [RS Dec 04, P1]
3. List a few haemoparasites. Can you draw them? [RS Nov 00, P1]
4. Name common haemoparasites. [RS Oct 03, P1]
5. Morphology of plasmodium falciparum in peripheral smear. [RS Mar 04, P1]
——————————————
Syllabus:
XIX. Diseases of Musculoskeletal System:
[1] b) Mycetoma.XXI. Neuropathology:
[2] Tuberculosis, Cysticercosis.XXII. Dermatopathology:
[1] d) Superficial fungal infections.

6.NEOPLASIA

Questions:
LE:
1. Discuss the difference between benign and malignant tumours.
[RS Dec 04, P1]
2. Define Proto-Oncogene and oncogene. List the products of oncogenes. Describe the mechanism of activation of oncogenes giving suitable examples. [2+2+6=10] [OS May 00]
3. Classify oncogenic viruses. Explain the mechanism involved in tumour production by viruses. [2+7=9] [RS Sept 02, P1]
4. Mention oncogenic viruses. Describe Oncogenesis by human papilloma virus. [RS Mar 06, P1]
5. Give examples of oncogenic viruses and discuss oncogenesis by human papilloma virus. [RS Mar 05, P1]
SE:
1. Teratoma. [RS May 00, P1]
2. Anaplasia. [RS Sept 02, P1]
3. Lymphatic spread of tumour. [RS Mar 04, P1]
4. Carcinoma in situ. [RS Oct 03, P1]
5. p53. [RS Dec 04, P1]
6. Laboratory diagnosis of cancer. [RS Oct 03, P1], [RS Mar 03, P1]
SA:
1. Morphology of malignant cell. [RS Mar 05, P1]
2. Features of anaplasia. [RS Dec 04, P1], [RS Oct 03, P1]
3. List the methods of spread of malignant tumours. [RS Nov 00, P1]
4. Lymphatic spread of tumours. [RS Mar 05, P1]
5. How do you grade malignant tumours? [OS Apr 02]
6. What is cellular oncogene? [RS Mar 04, P1]
7. Function of under phosphorylated retinoblastoma gene. [RS Mar 04, P1]
8. Knudson’s 2 hit hypothesis. [RS Mar 05, P1]
9. Clonal detection theory. [RS Mar 04, P1]
10. Mention hydrocarbons which are carcinogenic. [RS Mar 04, P1]
11. Promoter in carcinogenesis. [RS Mar 05, P1]
12. 4 tumours which produce paraneoplastic syndrome. [RS Mar 04, P1]
13. 4 tumour markers. [RS Mar 04, P1]

7.ENVIRONMENTAL & NUTRITIONAL DISEASES

Questions:
SA:
1. What are the degrees in burns? [RS Nov 00, P1]
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Syllabus:
XIX. Diseases of Musculoskeletal System:
[2] Metabolic diseases: a) Rickets/Osteomalacia.

8.GENETIC AND PEDIATRIC DISEASES

Questions:
SE:
1. Down syndrome. [RS Mar 06, P1]
2. Klinefelter’s syndrome. [RS Mar 05, P1], [RS Sept 02, P1], [RS May 00, P1]
3. What is Turner’s syndrome? [RS Nov 00, P1]
4. Principal characteristics of multifactorial inheritance. [OS May 00]
SA:
1. Barr bodies. [RS Oct 03, P1]
2. Barr body. [RS Mar 03, P1]
3. Name any four autosomal recessive disorders. [OS Apr 01]
4. Name the four sex-linked inherited diseases. [OS Sept 02]
5. Enzyme Deficiency in Gaucher’s and Neimann Pick’s disease. [RS Dec 04, P1]
6. Gaucher cell. [RS Mar 05, P1]
7. Morphology of Gaucher cell. [RS Mar 06, P1]
8. List the common tumours in childhood. [RS Oct 03, P1]
9. Four Inherited cancers. [RS Dec 04, P1]